Bajet Pembangkang Tidak Realistik, Gula-Gulakan Rakyat - Penganalisis

Oleh Mohd Hisham Abdul Rafar

KUALA LUMPUR, Nov 18 (Bernama) -- Ketika kerajaan giat berusaha mengurangkan kenaikan kos sara hidup rakyat dengan memberi dan meneruskan pelbagai insentif meliputi segenap aspek menerusi Bajet 2016, pakatan pembangkang pula menawarkan alternatif bajet yang meliputi 10 perkara utama.

Menerusi 'Belanjawan Pakatan Harapan 2016', pakatan pembangkang yang dianggotai DAP - Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) - Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah), mereka membentangkan dokumen 'Belanjawan Alternatif' yang lebih menjurus kepada soal tadbir urus kewangan negara termasuk langkah-langkah penjimatan.

Meskipun pembangkang berhasrat menolak Bajet 2016 bertema 'Mensejahtera Kehidupan Rakyat' yang dibentangkan Perdana Menteri Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak pada 23 Okt lepas, namun undian menyokong daripada anggota Parlimen Barisan Nasional (BN) melebihi undi pembangkang.

Persidangan Dewan Rakyat pada Isnin meluluskan Rang Undang-undang Perbekalan 2016 di peringkat dasar dengan 128 Anggota Parlimen menyokong rang undang-undang itu, berbanding 74 yang menolak.

SEPULUH PERKARA UTAMA CADANGAN BAJET PEMBANGKANG

Sepuluh perkara utama yang disenaraikan pembangkang ialah meletakkan syarikat pelaburan strategik kerajaan iaitu 1Malaysia Development Bhd (1MDB) dalam pentadbiran; memisahkan portfolio Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan dan menyokong lanjutan tempoh perkhidmatan Gabenor Bank Negara Tan Sri Dr Zeti Akhtar Aziz untuk dua tahun lagi.

Selain itu, turut dicadangkan dalam bajet alternatif pembangkang ialah memansuhkan Cukai Barang dan Perkhidmatan (GST) dengan mengumpulkan semua pembekalan bawah senarai kadar sifar bagi mengurangkan inflasi; menubuhkan tabung pembiayaan petroleum untuk penduduk Sabah dan Sarawak; peruntukan kepada perbelanjaan pembinaan kereta api laju Kuala Lumpur-Singapura diagihkan semula kepada pembinaan landasan kereta api di Sabah dan Sarawak.

Turut tersenarai ialah penjimatan RM30 bilion daripada langkah-langkah pencegahan rasuah; mengurangkan dividen Petronas kepada RM20 bilion; penyusunan semula pembyaran bantuan kewangan secara bersyarat berdasarkan pekerjaan dan kehadiran sekolah serta menyusun semua subsidi padi dan meningkatkan hasil pengeluaran pertanian.

Mengulas kesemua cadangan yang terkandung dalam bajet pembangkang, pensyarah Fakulti Ekologi Manusia Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Dr Amini Amir Abdullah menyifatkan bajet berkenaan sebagai tidak realistik.

"Ia sekadar 'reflective budget' yang digunakan untuk menyaingi bajet Kerajaan Persekutuan. Pembangkang umpama bermimpi di siang hari dan cuba menggula-gulakan rakyat," katanya kepada Bernama.

Prof Madya Mohd Izani Mohd Zain daripada Jabatan Pengajian Kenegaraan dan Ketamadunan UPM berkata bajet pembangkang lebih bersifat responsif kepada isu semasa seperti 1MDB dan GST.

Sesuatu bajet, katanya perlu melihat secara lebih menyeluruh agar semua aspek pembangunan dapat dijayakan.

"Belanjawan ini bersifat populis kerana hanya dapat menarik perhatian rakyat tetapi asas bajet tidak begitu jelas," katanya.

KURANG PENGALAMAN PENGURUSAN

Pembangkang, kata Amini Amir dilihat masih kekurangan pengalaman dalam soal pengurusan dan pentadbiran kerajaan kerana cabaran yang dihadapi dalam pengurusan negeri adalah satu penanda aras kepada keupayaan mereka mentadbir.

Di Selangor, misalnya kerajaan negeri yang diterajui PKR berdepan dengan isu kekurangan air terawat, isu penubuhan Darul Ehsan Investment Group (DEIG) dan juga kerjasama antara parti yang membentuk kerajaan iaitu PAS, PKR, DAP.

Anggota PAS, yang menjadi Exco negeri dan menyertai Amanah, menambah lagi kecelaruan. Cabaran seumpamanya turut berlaku di Pulau Pinang sebelum Pakatan Harapan terbentuk.

Anggota Parlimen Shah Alam Khalid Abdul Samad daripada Amanah pada 9 Nov lepas dilapor sebagai mencadangkan supaya kerajaan negeri mengumumkan status kerajaan negeri sepertimana yang dilakukan kerajaan DAP Pulau Pinang yang mengisytiharkan diri sebagai kerajaan Pakatan Harapan.

Selain itu, katanya pembangkang juga kurang pengalaman dalam konteks pengurusan bajet berbanding BN.

"Mereka sebenarnya mempunyai strategi picisan untuk memancing undi rakyat. Jika dibandingkan, bajet pembangkang (dengan Bajet 2016) ini umpama langit dan bumi. Soalnya sejauh mana bajet yang ditawarkan pembangkang ini mampu memberikan kesejahteraan kepada rakyat?

"Satu contoh mudah ialah dalam soal penyediaan kemudahan air bersih. Di Selangor, adakah wajar kerajaan negeri meningkatkan tarif air sedangkan bekalan air selalu terputus dan airnya berkeladak?," katanya.

Mohd Izani berkata pembangkang mulai sedar bahawa dalam keadaan ekonomi yang tidak menentu, perkhidmatan kepada rakyat tidak boleh lagi diberikan secara percuma.

"Isu bekalan air di Selangor secara percuma kini mula disemak semula oleh kerajaan negeri... isu misalnya pendidikan percuma kini sudah tidak lagi kedengaran kerana mereka mulai sedar ia akan memberi implikasi kewangan dan beban kepada kerajaan negeri," katanya.

BAJET MELEPASKAN 'BATOK DITANGGA'

Adakah bajet pembangkang ini memenuhi aspirasi segenap rakyat atau sekadar hanya mahu menyaingi Kerajaan Persekutuan atau sekadar ikutan kepada amalan parti pembangkang di luar negara yang mengeluarkan bajet alternatif mereka?

Mengulas persoalan itu, Amini Amir menyifatkan bajet pembangkang hanyalah sekadar 'melepaskan batuk ditangga', yang bermaksud melakukan sesuatu kerja dengan tidak bersungguh-sungguh.

Beliau berkata bajet yang ditawarkan pembangkang bukan sahaja tidak komprehensif malah tidak menyeluruh yang tidak mencakupi keperluan semua lapisan rakyat.

"Mengkritik orang memanglah mudah tetapi untuk melakukan seperti Kerajaan Persekutuan bukanlah semudah itu. Pembangkang perlu lebih teliti dan prihatin apabila menyediakan draf bajet mereka.

"Banyak lagi perkara yang perlu diberikan perhatian oleh mereka demi kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan segenap lapisan masyarakat serta lebih realistik sifatnya dan bukannya bersifat kosmetik dan populis," katanya.

Mohd Izani berkata tawaran bajet alternatif adalah amalan biasa dan ia turut dilakukan oleh negara luar seperti Singapura.

"Ya. Ia berlaku dan menjadi amalan contohnya Singapura. Parti pembangkang Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) turut membentangkan bajet bayangan atau shadow budget," katanya.

Bajet 2016 memperuntukkan RM267.2 bilion, berbanding RM260.7 bilion peruntukan dipinda 2015.

Daripada jumlah itu, sejumlah RM215.2 bilion bagi perbelanjaan mengurus, RM52 bilion untuk perbelanjaan pembangunan.

-- BERNAMA

Opposition's Alternative Budget 'Too Sweet' And Unrealistic, Say Analysts

By Mohd Hisham Abdul Rafar

KUALA LUMPUR, (Bernama) -- While the Federal Government's Budget 2016 focuses on strengthening the economy and safeguarding the well-being of the people and reducing their cost of living, the opposition coalition's alternative budget's main emphasis is on financial governance.

The newly-formed Pakatan Harapan's Alternative Budget 2016 has 10 highlights, ranging from abolising the Goods and Services Tax (GST) to improving the livelihood of farmers.

The coalition - comprising DAP, Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) and Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah) - rejected the Federal Government's Budget 2016, which was tabled by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak in the Dewan Rakyat on Oct 23, but the opposition MPs failed to vote it down.

Debate on the Supply Bill 2016 at the policy stage ended on Monday and when it was put to the vote, there were 128 "ayes" and 74 "nays".

ALTERNATIVE BUDGET'S TEN HIGHLIGHTS

The 10 highlights of the opposition's alternative budget are: putting 1Malaysia Development Bhd (1MDB) into administration; separating the portfolios of the Prime Minister and Finance Minister; supporting the extension of Bank Negara Malaysia Governor Tan Sri Dr Zeti Akhtar Aziz's tenure by another two years; abolishing GST by zero-rating all items to mitigate inflation; setting up a petroleum endowment fund for the people of Sabah and Sarawak; reallocating the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore high-speed rail budget for the building of railways in Sabah and Sarawak; incurring savings of RM30 billion from anti-corruption measures; reducing Petroleum Nasional Bhd's dividend to RM20 billion; revamping cash transfers to be conditional on employment and school attendance; and improving the livelihood of farmers by reorganising subsidies.

When asked for his comments, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) lecturer Dr Amini Amir Abdullah dismissed the alternative budget as "unrealistic".

"It's nothing but a reflective budget and was merely drawn up as a rival for the Federal Government's budget. It's obvious the opposition is daydreaming and trying to sweet-talk the rakyat into supporting them," Amini Amir, who is attached to the Faculty of Human Ecology, told Bernama.

Another UPM lecturer Asso Prof Mohd Izani Mohd Zain, who is attached to the Department of Government and Civilisation Studies, said it appeared as if the opposition's budget was drawn up to specifically respond to current issues like 1MDB and GST.

Any national budget, he said, should be drafted in a comprehensive manner, with emphasis on every aspect of development.

"It's a populist budget because it was designed to attract the attention of the people... however, the basis of the budget is not that clear," he said.

LACK OF MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE

According to Amini Amir, Pakatan Harapan had neither the necessary experience nor expertise to put together a good budget to run the country although the coalition was in charge of the Selangor and Penang state governments.

He said the opposition's inability to handle challenges effectively was not a very good benchmark of its ruling capabilities. Among the issues the Selangor government had faced were the lack of treated water supply, the establishment of Darul Ehsan Investment Group and lack of consensus among the three parties - PAS, PKR and DAP - which formed the state government.

PAS members, who were part of the State Executive Council, made matters more complicated when they left the party to join Amanah. Even Penang faced similar challenges before Pakatan Harapan was formed.

Shah Alam MP Khalid Abdul Samad, who is now a member of Amanah, had on Nov 9 urged the Selangor government to clarify its status so it would not be seen as a government "made up of coalitions which do not acknowledge each other". Penang had identified itself as a Pakatan Harapan government following the formation of the new pact on Sept 22, some three months after Pakatan Rakyat was dissolved due to disputes between DAP and PAS.

Amini Amir also pointed out to the opposition's inexperience in budget management, in comparison with the Barisan Nasional (BN).

"They (opposition) are merely out to fish for votes. Like the sky and earth, there's a vast difference between the BN government's budget and the one proposed by the opposition. The question is, just how far can the alternative budget safeguard the well-being of the people," he said.

Mohd Izani said the opposition was beginning to realise that in times of economic uncertainties, the government could not offer free services to the people.

"The Selangor government is now reviewing its free water supply scheme. We are also no longer hearing about the opposition's pledge to offer free education because they have probably realised its financial implication and burden on the government," he said.

BUDGET NOT COMPREHENSIVE ENOUGH

Does the opposition pact's alternative budget meet the aspirations of all Malaysians or did they draw it up merely to compete with the Federal Government? Or did they draft one because it was the norm for opposition parties in other countries to come up with alternative budgets?

Commenting on this, Amini Amir said the proposals outlined in Pakatan Harapan's budget did not have the people's interests at heart and reflected the insincerity of the opposition parties.

The budget was not comprehensive enough and did not cover the needs of people in various segments of society, he claimed.

"While, it's easy to criticise, it's certaintly not easy to do what the Federal Government has been doing. The opposition has to be more thorough and sensitive to the needs of the people when drafting their budget.

"There are a lot of other matters they have to pay attention to in order to ensure the well-being of every segment of society. They also have to be more realistic as there's no point in drafting a budget as a cosmetic exercise or which is populist in nature," he said.

Mohd Izani said it was usual for opposition parties in other countries to offer alternative budgets, and he cited the Singapore Democratic Party's shadow budget as an example.

The Federal Government's Budget 2016 has an allocation of RM267.2 billion, an increase from the revised allocation of 260.7 billion for 2015.

Of this amount, RM215.2 billion is for operating expenditure and RM52 billion for development expenditure.

-- BERNAMA

SEMINARS / WORKSHOPS / BRIEFING / SHORT COURSES ATTENDED RELATED TO ACADEMICS (2013-1996)

SEMINARS / WORKSHOPS / BRIEFING / SHORT COURSES ATTENDED RELATED TO ACADEMICS.

1.        Seminar Kesan GST, Rasionalisasi Subsidi dan Akta Kawalan Harga dan Anti Pencatutan 2010, 10 Disember 2013 (Selasa), Dewan Seminar Al-Farabi, FEM, UPM, 8.30am-5.pm.

2.            Ucapan Alu-aluan Majlis Sambutan Hari Inovasi Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2013 oleh YBhg. Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd. Fauzi Ramlan Naib Canselor Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26 November 2013 (Selasa), Dewan Besar, Pusat Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, 8.30-10.30am.

3.            Ucapan Perasmian, Majlis Sambutan Hari Inovasi Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2013 oleh YB. Dato’ Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Menteri Dalam Negeri, 26 November 2013 (Selasa), Dewan Besar, Pusat Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, 8.30-10.30am.

4.            Ucapan alu-aluan, Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Sri Dr. Zakri Abdul Hamid, Pengerusi Majlis Profesor Negara, KONGRES PROFESOR NEGARA II, TEMA: Gagasan Penyatupaduan Malaysia, Hotel Istana, Kuala Lumpur, 9 November 2013, 9.00am.

5.            Ucapan Perasmian, YB Dato’ Seri Idris Jusoh Menteri Pendidikan II, KONGRES PROFESOR NEGARA II, TEMA: Gagasan Penyatupaduan Malaysia, Hotel Istana, Kuala Lumpur, 9 November 2013, 9.35am.

6.            Ucaptama Prof. Ulung Datuk Dr. Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, Timbalan Pengerusi Majlis Profesor Negara, Tajuk : Perpaduan dan Literasi Politik di Malaysia, KONGRES PROFESOR NEGARA II, TEMA: Gagasan Penyatupaduan Malaysia, Hotel Istana, Kuala Lumpur, 9 November 2013, 9.50am.

7.            Intellectual Discourse, “Public Management Reform Under Najib: The Beginning of an End to Malaysia’s Developmental State?, by Dr. Noor Alam Siddiquee, Senior Lecturer in Politics and Public Policy, School of Social and Policy Studies, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, 21^st  November 2013 (Thursday), 10.30 a.m. untill 12.30 p.m, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM.

.

8.            Intellectual Discourse, “Islam Liberal and Liberalism”, by Dr. Wan Adli Wan Ramli, Jabatan Akidah dan Pemikiran Islam, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 13^th November 2013 (Wednesday), 10.30 a.m. - 12.00 p.m, Dewan Al-Farabi, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM.

9.            Intellectual Discourse, “Politik Malaysia Pasca PRU13”. Panelists: 21^st May 2013, 013 (Wednesday), 2.30pm – 4.30pm, Dewan Al-Farabi, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM.

10.         Professional Discourse: Transformational Leadership by Dato’ Sri Syed Zainal Abidin Syed Mohamed Tahir (Former CEO of Proton and Perodua), Auditorium Jurutera, Faculty of Engineering, organized by the Registrar Office of UPM, 2013, 9.00am.

11.         Workshop on the Evaluation of UPM’s Key Performance Indicator for Forth Term 2013, Marriot Hotel, Putrajaya, 12^th January 2013, 8.00am-5.00pm.

12.         Muslim Universities Vice-Chancellors’/Presidents’ Forum, organized by AKEPT and KPT, 3^rd-4^th December 2012.

13.         Majlis Perasmian Bulan Putra SATRIA 2012 & Forum Surviving The KPI Tsunami, Dewan Taklimat, Bangunan Pentadbiran, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 10 Mei 2012, 9.00 – 11.00am, Ahli Panel: YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Ir. Abang Abdullah Abang Ali (Fakulti Kejuruteraan), YBhg. Prof. Dr. Ab. Rahim Bakar (Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan) dan YBhg. Prof. Dr. Jayum Anak. Jawan

14.         Majlis Perasmian Ekspo Pertanian dan Pesta Konvokesyen UPM oleh     YBhg. Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd Fauzi Haji Ramlan, Naib Canselor, UPM, 25 Oktober 2013, 9.30am, Bukit Ekspo, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

15.         Fakulti Ekologi Manusia Innovation Day, Faculty of Human Ecology (FEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 7.1.2011, Bilik Al-Farabi, FEM, 8.30am.

16.         Workshop on the Integrity Guideline of Academic Staff of Malaysian Institutions of Higher Learning, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, 8 to 9.1.2011, Concorde Inn (KLIA), Sepang, Selangor.

17.         Workshop of the Teaching and learning of TITAS, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, 13 to 16.1.2011, Pan Pacific Hotel, KLIA, Selangor.

18.         Academic Excellence Appreciation Ceremony 2011 (Majlis Apresiasi Akademik Cemerlang 2011), 19.1.2011, Bilik Al-Farabi, FEM, organized by  The Student Association of Faculty of Human Ecology, 8.00pm.

19.         Workshop on Key Performance Indicator and SKT of FEM Academic Staff (Second Phase), 22.2.2011, Bilik Seminar Al-Farabi, Fakulti Ekologi Manusia, 8.30am.

20.         Workshop on Key Performance Indicator of FEM Academic Staff (First Phase), 22.2.2011, Bilik Al-Farabi, Fakulti Ekologi Manusia, 8.30am.

21.         Workshop on Student's Centered Learning (SCL): Case Studies, 23.2.2011, Bilik Seminar Blok A, Facukty of Educational Studies, UPM, organized by CADE, UPM, 8.30am.

22.         Briefing on Learning Outcomes 4, 16.3.2011, Bilik Seminar Al-Fansuri, FEM, organized by CADE, UPM, 2.30pm.

23.         National Workshop on Testing and Evaluation Methodology in Counseling, 24.3.2011, Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia, organized by Persatuan Kaunseling Malaysia (PERKAMA), 2.30pm.

24.         Workshop on Microsoft Excel For Professional, 28.3.2011, Makmal Komputer 1, Pusat Komputer dan Teknologi Maklumat (IDECC), UPM, organized by CADE, UPM.

25.         JPNIN Inter-faith Discourse, 8.4.2011, Bilik Sidang, Fakulti Ekologi Manusia, UPM, 8.00pm.

26.         The First 100 Days in the Position of Vice Chancellor Ceremony, 10.4.2011, Dewan Besar, PKSSAAS, UPM, 9.30am.

27.         Briefing on Training of Trainers (ToT) 1CITIZEN Programme, 4.5.2011, Makmal Siber 1, Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Teknologi Maklumat, UPM organized by Prestariang Sdn. Bhd. With the cooperation of Student Affairs Division, UPM, 10.00am.

28.         Workshop on Training of Trainers (ToT) 1CITIZEN Programme Phase 1, 19-20.5.2011, Makmal HPC Network, B Block, Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Teknologi Maklumat, UPM organized by Prestariang Sdn. Bhd. With the cooperation of Student Affairs Division, UPM, 10.00am.

29.         Workshop on Writing and Publishing in Impactful Journal, 7.6.2011-8.6.2011, Eastin Hotel, Petaling Jaya, organized by AKEPT, Ministry of Higher Education, 8.00am-5.30pm.

30.         Participant, Wasatiyyah Convention, 10.6.2011-11.6.2011, Pullman Hotel, Putrajaya organized by USIM dan JAKIM, 8.00am-5.00pm.

31.         Participant, International Conference on Humanities 2011, Parkroyal Resort, Penang. Organized by School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14-16 June 2011.

32.       Closing Ceremony of FEM’s ISO Internal Audit, 23.6.2011, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM, 3.30pm.

33.         Workshop on Training of Trainers (ToT) 1CITIZEN Programme Phase 2, 25-26 .5.2011, Makmal HPC Network, B Block, Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Teknologi Maklumat, UPM organized by Prestariang Sdn. Bhd. With the cooperation of Student Affairs Division, UPM, 10.00am.

34.         UPM Intellectual Discourse, Series of the 25th, Profesor Dato' Dr. Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, 27.6.2011, Dewan Taklimat, Bangunan Pentadbiran, UPM, organized by CADE, 9.00am-12.30am.

35.         Prime Programme with YAB. Dato' Seri Mohd. Najib Tun Abdul Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia, 10.7.2011, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur, 10-12.30am.

36.         Workshop on Converting Thesis Into Book, 13.7.2011-17.7.2011, Mahkota Hotel, Melaka, organized by UPM Press with the cooperation of TNCPI Office.

37.         Talk by Adjunct Professor Dato' Wah Idris, 22.7.2011, Bilik Seminar Al-Farabi, FEM, 9.30-12.30am.

38.         Participant, International Conference on the Family Institution in the 21st Century - Ideals and Realities. International Institute of Advance Islamic Studies Malaysia, Jalan Elmu, Off Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur. Jointly organised by International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia, Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Yayasan Pendidikan Islam (YPI), Yayasan Ubaidi and The Journalists and Writers Foundation, Istanbul, supported by Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development (KPWKM), Date & time: 13 December 2010 (Monday).

39.         Participant, FEM’s Intellectual Discourse, “Identity and Dialogue: A Randomized Trials in Adis Ababa University” by Dr. Isak Svensson, Venue: Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM            , 4^th November 2010 (Thursday), 10.00 am.

40.         Participant, Briefing on the Achievement of Research University (RU), Faculty of Human Ecology, Bilik Seminar Al-Fansuri, FEM, UPM, 1^st November 2010, 9.00am.

41.         Participant, Workshop on Crediblity, Integrity and Professionalism Towards Excellence Academic Culture, Bilik Gateway B, Hotel Pan Pacific, KLIA, organized by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia,      29^th November 2010.

42.         Participant, Pre-Analysis Workshop, Integrity Audit Research of KPT 2010, The Royale Bintang, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, 5^th to 6^th November 2010.

43.         Participant, The Celebration of KPT’s Integrity Day, Auditorium Utama, Blok E, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi, Putrajaya, 11^th November 2010.

44.         Participant, Intellectual Discourse Series, Faculty of Human Ecology, “Islamophobia in America”, Professor Dr. Carl W. Ernst, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, 21^st October 2010 (Thursday), 10.00 am-12.00pm.

45.         Participant, Faculty of Human Ecology Intellectual Discourse Series, “Thinking and Its Problem” by Professor Samuel O. Imbo, Professor of Philosophy & Director of the African American Studies Program at Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnessota, 13^th August 2010 (Friday), 10.00 am. Venue: Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM.

46.         Participant, Workshop on The Preparation of Academic Integrity Guidelines, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Second Series/2010, IOI Resort, Putrajaya, 8-9^th August 2010.

47.         Participant, Postgraduate Seminar on Effective Research Supervision, Faculty of Human Ecology. Topic: The Do’s And Don’ts Of Research Supervision: Learning From Experience, speaker: Prof. Dr. Victor T. King, University of Leeds, UK, Venue: Al Farabi Seminar Hall, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM, 1st July 2010 (Thursday), 9:00 am – 1:00pm.

48.         Participant, Intellectual Discourse Series, Faculty of Human Ecology, “Re-establishing Grassroots Inventors in National Innovation System in Less innovative Asian Countries”, Dr. Nobaya Ahmad, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, 15^th July 2010 (Thursday).

49.         Participant, Intellectual Discourse Series, Faculty of Human Ecology, “Creation of Favorable Business Environment and Enterprise Development: The Role of Malaysian Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industries”, Dr. Lee Yok Fee, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, 15^th July 2010 (Thursday).

50.         Participant, Intellectual Discourse Series, Faculty of Human Ecology, “Child, Family and Institutional Characteristics of the Psychosocial and Educational Functioning of Children in Residential Facilities for Children at-Risk”, Dr. Tan Jo-Pei, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, 15^th July 2010 (Thursday).

51.         Participant, Intellectual Discourse Series 19^th, “The Enhancement of Excellent Academia Through The Understanding of The Actual Meaning of National Unity, (Wacana Intelek Siri 19: Pembentukan Akademia Cemerlang Melalui Kefahaman Tentang Tujuan Sebenar Perpaduan Negara), Y.M. Professor Diraja Ungku A. Aziz, Dewan Taklimat, Bangunan Pentadbiran, UPM,             3^rd June  2010 (Khamis), 9.00 - 11.00am.

52.         Participant, Workshop on Training of Trainers, Fifth Course on Starting School, Pusat Ko-Kurikulum, UPM, Dewan Pusat Pendidikan Luar UPM, 30^th June 2010, 8.30am-5.00pm.

53.         Participant, Putrajaya Premier Lecture Series by Professor Dr. Ali Al’Amin Mazrui, ”A Muslim Century: Myth or Reality? In Search of Modern Pillars of Wisdom”, Putrajaya International Convention Center, Putrajaya,    18^th May 2010, 8.30am.

54.         Participant, Seminar on Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Prof. Madya Dr. Aida Suraya Md. Yunus, Director, Academic Development Center, (CADe), Dewan Taklimat, Bangunan Pentadbiran UPM, 19^th May 2010 (Wednesday), 9.00am.

55.         Participant, Workshop on Teaching Achievements Through A Web-based Teaching Portfolio by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Amin Embi (UKM), Makmal Tera 1, iDEC, UPM, 20^th May 2010, 8.30am-5.00pm.

56.         Participant, IKLIN Dialog Series (3^rd Series), Institute of Research, Training and National Integration ( Institut Kajian, Latihan & Integrasi Nasional (IKLIN)), Department of National Unity and National Integration (Jabatan Perpaduan Negara & Integrasi Nasional (JPNIN)), Prime Minister Department (Jabatan Perdana Menteri) and Department of Social Science and Development (Jabatan Sains Kemasyarakatan dan Pembangunan), FEM, Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology,     24^th May 2010, 8.00 am.

57.         Participant, Bulan Putra Satria Programme UPM 2010 – Faculty of Human Ecology Level, Bilik Al Fansuri, FEM.  Experience Sharing Talk, Puan Zarina Muhammad,         26^th May 2010.

58.         Participant, Bulan Putra Satria Programme UPM 2010 – Faculty of Human Ecology Level, Bilik Al Fansuri, FEM.  Experience Sharing Talk, Dr. Tan Jo-Pei, 26^th May 2010.

59.         Participant, Bulan Putra Satria Programme UPM 2010 – Faculty of Human Ecology Level, Bilik Al Fansuri, FEM.  Experience Sharing Talk, Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ali Rajion, 26^th May 2010.

60.         Participant, Bulan Putra Satria Programme UPM 2010 – Faculty of Human Ecology Level, Bilik Al Fansuri, FEM.  Workshop on Revisiting the Role of Lecturers, Academic Advisor Brainstorming Group, 26^th May 2010.

61.         Participant, Insan Development Foundation Workshop (Bengkel Yayasan Pembangunan Insan), Selesa Beach Resort, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, 9^th – 10^th March 2010.

62.         Participant, Briefing on the Achievement of Research University by Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation), Dewan Al-Farabi, FEM, 16^th  March 2010, 8.15-10.00am.

63.         Participant, Intellectual Discourse Series, Faculty of Human Ecology, Professor Dr. Michael Banton, Bilik Seminar Al-Farabi, FEM, 22^nd March 2010, 9.00 – 10.45am.

64.         Participant, Academic Excellence Appreciation Ceremony of Faculty of Human Ecology, 2010, Bilik Seminar Al-Farabi, FEM, 1^st February 2010, 8.30am.

65.         Participant, Briefing on Master Trainer Programme AKRPT, Pusat Program Luar, UPM, 4^th February 2010, 8.30am.

66.         Participant, Briefing on the Mission, Vision and Aims of UPM, Bilik Seminar Al-Farabi, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM, 20^th January 2010.

67.         Participant, 2010 New Year Message of the Vice Chancellor of UPM, PKSSAAS, UPM, 19^th January 2010, 10.00am-12.00am.

68.         Participant, Lecture on The National Integrity Plan 2004 of Universiti Putra Malaysia by Haji Mustafa Haji Ali, Deputy President, Institute of National Integrity, at Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj Cultural and Arts Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 12^th March 2005, 9.00 – 11.00 am.

69.         Prime Lecture in Celebrating The Ceremony of Maal Hijrah 2005 For The Level of Petaling District by Prof. Dato’ Mahmud Zuhdi Abdul Majid at Riadhus Solihin Mosque, Serdang Jaya, Seri Kembangan, Selangor on 3^rd March 2005, 9.00 – 11.00 pm.

70.         Q day and Lecturer Day of The Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 27^th December 2004 at Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

71.         Workshop on Smart Partnership and Cooperation of The UPM: Direction and Strategic Planning at Century Mahkota Hotel, Melaka on 21^st-24^th December 2004.

72.         Briefing on The Introduction of Student Centered Learning (SCL), “Student Centered Learning at The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM” by Associate Professor Dr. Hamdan Mohd. Noor, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology and Academic Development Center of UPM (CADE) at A Block Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology on 4^th December 2004.

73.         Briefing on The Introduction of Student Centered Learning (SCL), “Student Centered Learning at UPM” by Associate Professor Dr. Arfah Salleh, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology and Academic Development Center of UPM (CADE) at A Block Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology on 4^th December 2004.

74.         Briefing on The Introduction of Student Centered Learning (SCL), “Student Centered Learning” by Professor Dr. Kamariah Abu Bakar, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology and Academic Development Center of UPM (CADE) at A Block Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology on 4^th December 2004.

75.         Course on Lecture Application Online, at Computer Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, organized by ICT Strategic Planning Unit, Information Technology Division, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 27^th – 28^th October 2004.

76.         Workshop on Module Development of Sukarelawan Al-Falah Programme, organized by Yayasan Dakwah Islamiah Malaysia, on 3^rd to 5^th September 2004 at Grand Continental Hotel, Melaka. (Status: Module Development Expert)

77.         Intellectual Discourse Series, Series I 2004/2005, “Epistemological Framework of Civilization: A Comparative Discourse” by Prof. Dr. Wan Mohd. Nor Wan Daud, organized by Department of Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM, at Bilik Sidang, Faculty of Human Ecology, UPM, Malaysia on 19^th August 2004, 10.00 -11.30 am.

78.         One Day Course On Postgraduate Teaching and Supervision, “Overview of Graduate Studies at UPM” by Professor Dr. Aini Ideris, jointly organized by School of Graduate Studies and Professional Advancement Center (PACE), Universiti Putra Malaysia on 16^th June 2004 at Lecture Room 3 and 4, Faculty of Agriculture 2, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 8.30 – 10.30 pm.

79.         One Day Course On Postgraduate Teaching and Supervision, “Enjoying Your Work As A Lecturer and A Supervisor” by Professor Dato’ Dr. Shariff Mohamed Din, jointly organized by School of Graduate Studies and Professional Advancement Center (PACE), Universiti Putra Malaysia on 15^th June 2004 at Lecture Room 3 and 4, Faculty of Agriculture 2, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2.30 – 4.30 pm.

80.         One Day Course On Postgraduate Teaching and Supervision, “Effective Teaching/Facilitating And Learning For Graduate Students” by Professor Dr. Rahim Md. Sail, jointly organized by School of Graduate Studies and Professional Advancement Center (PACE), Universiti Putra Malaysia on 16^th June 2004 at Lecture Room 3 and 4, Faculty of Agriculture 2, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 8.30 – 10.30 am.

81.         One Day Course On Postgraduate Teaching and Supervision, “Enjoying Your Work As A Lecturer and A Supervisor” by Professor Dato’ Dr. Shariff Mohamed Din, jointly organized by School of Graduate Studies and Professional Advancement Center (PACE), Universiti Putra Malaysia on 15^th June 2004 at Lecture Room 3 and 4, Faculty of Agriculture 2, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2.30 – 4.30 pm.

82.         One Day Course On Postgraduate Teaching and Supervision, “Supervising Research Project” by Professor Dr. Abu Bakar Salleh, jointly organized by School of Graduate Studies and Professional Advancement Center (PACE), Universiti Putra Malaysia on 15^th June 2004 at Lecture Room 3 and 4, Faculty of Agriculture 2, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 8.30 – 10.30 am.

83.         One day Workshop on E-IRPA and Preparation On Research Proposal, organized by the Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Computer Room and Meeting Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, on 10^th June 2004, 8.30 – 10.30 am and 3.00 – 4.00 pm.

84.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Proofreading and Editing”, by Hajjah Nora, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 2^nd April 2004, 2.45 – 4.30 pm.

85.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Workshop Autonomous Language Learning (ALL)”, by Miss Tan Bee Hoon, Reporting Lab, Faculty Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 2^nd April 2004, 10.45 -12.30 pm.

86.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Oral Presentation”, by A.P. Dr. Hajjah Jamaliah, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 2^nd April 2004, 8.30-10.30 pm.

87.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Interviewing”, by A.P. Dr. Hajjah Jamaliah, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 1^st April 2004, 2.30-4.30 pm.

88.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Enrichment”, by A.P. Dr. Hajjah Jamaliah, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 31^st March 2004, 2.30-4.30 pm.

89.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Tenses”, by Hajah Nora, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 31^st March 2004, 11.30-12.00 pm.

90.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Writing An Abstract”, by Dr. Shamla, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 31^st March 2004, 8.30-10.30 pm.

91.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “The Art of Conversation”, by A.P. Dr. Hajjah Jamaliah, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 30^th March 2004, 2.30-4.30 pm.

92.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Passive Sentences”, by Hajah Nora, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 30^th March 2004, 10.30-12.30 pm.

93.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Summarizing Part 1 and Part 2”, by Dr. Shamla, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 30^th March 2004, 8.30-10.30 pm.

94.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Speaking For Advance Level”, by A.P. Dr. Hajjah Jamaliah, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 29^th March 2004, 2.30-4.30 pm.

95.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Grammar: Modal and Auxiliaries”, by Hajjah Nora, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 29^th March 2004, 11.00-12.30 pm.

96.         Course on English For Academic and Administrative Purposes (Advance Level), “Writing For Advanced Level: Paraphrasing”, by Dr. Shamla, Room BTB002, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 29^th March 2004, 8.30-10.30 pm.

97.         Retreat of Department of Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, organized by Department of Natiohood and Civilization Studies at Meeting Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 4^th March 2004.

98.         Workshop on Module Development of Sukarelawan Al-Falah Programme, organized by Yayasan Dakwah Islamiah Malaysia, on 25^th  to 27^th February 2004 at Seri Malaysia Hotel, Genting Highlands, Pahang. (Status: Module Development Expert)

99.         Workshop on Performance Evaluation Report Form, by representative from the Department of Public Services, Malaysia organized by the Registrar Office, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Briefing Hall, 1^st Floor, Administration Office, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 25^th February 2004, 9.00 am.

100.      Briefing on Research University, organized by Research Management Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia at VIP 1 Room, External Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 18^th February 2004.

101.      Seminar on Financial Management, organized by The Treasury Department of Universiti Putra Malaysia, at Residence Hotel, UNITEN, Bangi on 10^th February 2004.

102.      Workshop on Teaching Diploma of Human Development, TITAS and Malaysian Natiohood Courses, November Semester 2003-2004, Cooperation Programme Universiti Putra Malaysia and Private Institution of Higher Learning, at Meeting Room B, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 10^th January 2004.

103.      Coloqium on Zakat Series 1, organized by Institute of The Study of Zakat Malaysia, UiTM, at Royal Adelphi Hotel, Seremban, Negri Sembilan on 30^th December 2003.

104.      Courses on Leading Academic Change, organized by Corporate Planning Division, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Marriot Hotel, Putrajaya on 22^nd to 24^th December 2003.

105.      Putra Perkasa Workshop, organized by Student Affairs Division, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Empress Hotel, Sepang, Selangor on 24^th October 2003 – 26^th October 2003.

106.      Training on Procedure Understanding of Quality Management of MS ISO 9001: 2000 [Academic Officer], Support Procedure Training Module SK01 – SK12, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology on 22^nd October 2003.

107.      8^th MARCHFEA Seminar, organized by Department of Resource Managemant and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, and Malaysian Consumer and Family Economics Association (MARCHFEA) at Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology on 27^th  September 2003.

108.      Workshop on IPTAS’ Student Election 2003, organized by Department of Student Affairs, Universiti Malaysia Sabah at Nexus Karambunai Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah on 15^th July 2003 to 17^th July 2003.

109.      Induction Course For Management and Professional Group, organized by Registrar Office, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Mutiara Budi Room, Main Administration Building, Universiti Putra Malaysia, on 1^st April 2003 to 18^th April 2003.

110.      Workshop on Student Affairs organized by Student Affairs Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 7^th – 9^th March 2003 at Awana Hotel, Genting Highlands, Pahang.

111.      National Seminar on Community Development: Towards New Millenium organized by Department of Social Science and Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 27^th – 28^th March 2003 at ISO Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

112.      National Workshop on The Teaching and Learning of Islamic and Asian Civilization Courses (TITAS), organized by Universiti Malaya and Department of Tertiary Learning, Ministry of Education, Malaysia at Swiss Garden Resort, Lumut, Perak, on 5^th February – 8^th February 2003.

113.      Training on Procedure Understanding of Quality Management of MS ISO 9001: 2000 [Academic Officer], “Support Procedure Training Module SK01 – SK12”, Faculty of Human Ecology, at Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 22^nd October 2003.

114.      National Seminar on Quality of Family and Community in the Globalization Era and Research Exhibition, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology at Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 23^rd to 24^th October 2002.

115.      Workshop on Strategic Planning of Faculty of Human Ecology 2001-2010, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at The Golden Legacy Hotel, Melaka on 20^th – 22^nd September 2002.

116.      Workshop on MS ISO 9001: 2000 QM4, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Renaissance Hotel, Melaka on 25^th – 27^th September 2002.

117.      Workshop on MS ISO 9001: 2000 QM3, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Century Mahkota Hotel, Melaka on 15^th – 17^th August 2002.

118.      Experts’ Discourse of GM Food - From the Islamic Perspectives, organized by The Institute of Islamic Understanding (IKIM) Kuala Lumpur at Main Hall, IKIM Kuala Lumpur on 29^th – 30^th May 2002.

119.      Introductory Course and Documentation of ISO 9001: 2000 organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia at Seminar Room, Faculty of Human Ecology on 15^th – 17^th May 2002.

120.      Retreat of Book Writings on Learning Techniques, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Casa Rachado MAA Resort, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan on 15^th - 17^th  March 2002.

121.      Annual Retreat of Department of Social Science and Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Reviera Bay Resort, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan on 15^th – 17^th March 2002.

122.      Workshop on The 10^th Annivessary Celebration of The Faculty of Human Ecology, at Renaissance Palm Garden Hotel, Putrajaya, on 30^th January 2002.

123.      Second Retreat of The Department of General Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, at Mines Beach Resort and Spa, Seri Kembangan, Selangor on 30^th October 2001.

124.      One Day Workshop on Academic Advisement, organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Conference Room, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 29^th October 2001.

125.      Workshop on Academic Advisement, organized by Academic Division, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Senate Room, Administration Building, Universiti Putra Malaysia 0n 22^nd – 23^rd October 2001.

126.      Seminar on The Strengthening of Academic Affairs of The Universiti Putra Malaysia and Private Institutions of Higher Learning organized by Institute For Distance Learning, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Impiana Hotel, Kuala Lumpur on 18^th – 20^th October 2001.

127.      Workshop on Evaluation Approval, Minimum Level and Accreditation Certification organized by National Accreditation Board (LAN), Private Institutions of Higher Learning, Malaysia at National Accreditation Board, Level 11, B Block, PKNS Tower, No. 17, Yong Shook Lin Road, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor on 23^rd August 2001. 

128.      Course on Statstical Packages On Social Sciences organized by Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia at Meeting Hall, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 11^th – 12^th June 2001.

129.      National Seminar on Consuming Wisdom: The Challenge of Globalization, co-organized by Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Affairs at Equatorial Hotel, Bangi on 17^th – 18^th May 2001. 

130.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Changing Family Relations in Muslim and Non-Muslim Societies” by Sharon Imtiaz (CSIC), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 10^th December 1997.

131.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Christian Theology and Contextuality” by Dr. John Parrat (University of Birmingham) at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 3^rd November 1997.

132.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “The Iranian Revolution Reconsidered” by Professor Fred Halliday (London School of Economics) at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 26^th November 1997.

133.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Al-Ghazali: The Mistic” by Dr. Carol Hillenbrand (University of Edinburgh, Scotland) at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 19^th November 1997.

134.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Christianity and The Inner City” by Dr. Martin Stringer (University of Birmingham) at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 12^th November 1997.

135.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Christian – Muslim Relations in Africa” by Dr. Stuart Brown (PROCMURA, Kenya), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 5^th November 1997.

136.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Muslims in Britain: Ethnic Minority, Community or Ummah” by Professor Jorgen S. Nielson (CSIC), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 29^th October 1997.

137.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Muslims in Dagestan” by Dr. Mikhail Roschin (Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 22^nd October 1997.

138.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “The Churches and The Industrial Revolution” by Professor Hugh McLeod (University of Birmingham), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 15^th October 1997.

139.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “Christianity and The Enlightenment” by Dr. Gareth Jones (University of Birmingham), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 8^th October 1997.

140.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Autumn Term 1997, “A Christian Reflection on The Significance of The Prophet” by Dr. Martin Forward (Wesley House, Cambridge), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 1^st October 1997.

141.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Islam and The Malay – Indonesian World: Transmissions and Responses” by Dr. Peter Riddle (London Bible College, England), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 19^th March 1997.

142.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Syadvade of Jainism: An Ancient Indian Theory of Pluralism” by Professor K. P. Aleaz (William Paton Fellow), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 12^th March 1997.

143.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Muslim Mystics and Their Attitude To The Unity of Faith” by Professor Nagah El-Ghonimy (Visiting Professor, University of Birmingham), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 5^th March 1997.

144.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Islamic Modernism and Traditionalism in Ramadan Sermons of Contemporary Damascene Preachers” by Mr. Andreas Christmann (University of Oxford, England), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 26^th February 1997.

145.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Sunna: Problems in Interpretation” by Dr. Yassin Dutton (University of Edinburgh, Scotland), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 12^th February 1997.

146.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Reading on Another’s Texts: The Polemical Use of Scriptural Interpretation” by Dr. David Thomas (CSIC), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 5^th February 1997.

147.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “Research Methodology: An Islamic Perspectives” by Dr. Jabal Buaben (CSIC), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 29^th January 1997.

148.      Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (CSIC) Graduate Seminar, Spring Term 1997, “The Ethical Code and Organized Procedure of The Early Islamic Courts Laws” by Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim Surty (CSIC), at Seminar Room, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Bristol Road, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 22^nd  January 1997.

149.      Postgraduate Research Method Session, attended by Group of Academic Staff, Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Selly Oak Colleges and Department of Theology, Faculty of Arts, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom on 2^nd  October 1997 at Meeting Room, Faculty of Arts, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

150.      Auditing Course for Postgraduate – “Research Method” by Group of Academic Staff, Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Selly Oak Colleges, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom from 22^nd September 1997 to 16^th January 1998.

151.      Auditing Course for Postgraduate – “The Historical Development of Islamic Religious Thought II” by Dr. Jabal Buaben, Center For The Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Selly Oak Colleges, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom from 30^th January 1997 to 15^th May 1997.

152.      Auditing Course for Postgraduate – “English Language and Academic Writing” by Dr. David, English Language Center, Selly Oak Colleges, Selly Oak Colleges, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom from 22^nd January 1997 to 5^th June 1997.

153.      Research Methodology Courses For Tutors and Lecturers Pursuing Studies to Master and Ph.D. Level, organized by Registrar’s Office, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 6^th December 1995 and 13^th December 1995 at Administration Building, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

154.      Special Lecture by Dr. Sigvard Von Sicard, Dean and Lecturer of Islamic Studies, Christian and Islamic Religious Thought (CSIC), organized by Department of Social Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, at Conference Room, FEM on 8^th July 1996, 10.00 am.

155.      Workshop on Distance Learning Module’s Preparation, organized by Institute of Distance Learning (IDEAL), Universiti Putra Malaysia at IDEAL Hall, Universiti Putra Malaysia on 15^th March 1996.